No, tree roots cannot grow through a lined sewer pipe when the liner is installed correctly. A cured-in-place liner forms one continuous, jointless pipe inside the old one, with no open cracks or loose joints for roots to push through. Roots get in at gaps, and a full-length liner seals those gaps.
Roots get into a sewer line at its weak points, the cracks and the gaps at pipe joints, which municipal sewer authorities and trenchless references point to as the usual entry points. A cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) liner is a resin-saturated tube that hardens against the inside of the old pipe and cures into a single seamless wall. Because that wall has no joints and no open cracks from end to end, there is nothing for a root to exploit. The CIPP process also covers over the old root entry points that the cleaning step exposed.
There is one real limit. A liner only protects the length of pipe it covers. If roots were entering at a joint or a lateral connection beyond the lined section, or if the liner was not run across the full problem area, roots can still get in at the unlined joint. This is why the pipe is cleared and camera-inspected first, so the root removal and the liner cover the whole damaged run.
In short, roots cannot reopen a properly installed liner, but they can still find an unlined joint nearby. A camera inspection before and after confirms the liner covers every entry point. For a lasting fix on a root-damaged line, sewer pipe lining seals the cracks and joints where roots were getting in.